一种高动态性能的级联型有源电力滤波器

基于级联H桥多电平拓扑的有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter, APF)的研究越来越广泛。本文针对级联型APF系统的动态性能进行了研究。首先分析了电网电流反馈控制动态响应慢的原因和理想情况时的动态响应,在此基础上提出了一种提高系统动态性能的方法,该方法的特点是:稳态时,系统的控制策略为电网电流反馈控制,负载突变时,系统采用复合控制策略。文中进一步详细阐述了其实现方法,并对级联APF直流侧电容电压均衡控制的原理及其硬件实现进行了描述。仿真和实验结果表明,采用该方法的级联APF具有较高的稳态和动态补偿性能。     

含虚拟惯性与阻尼控制的变速风电机组综合PSS控制器

大规模风电场接入电网将削弱系统的惯性和阻尼特性,不利于电网安全运行。本文首先分析变速风电机组的传统功率控制,根据虚拟转动惯量与转速调节及电网频率变化的关系,提出适用于变速风电机组的虚拟惯性控制策略,解决高风电渗透率区域电网惯性不足的问题。其次,通过分析所提虚拟惯性控制对系统阻尼特性的影响,发现该控制方法对功率振荡具有抑制作用,实现了惯性控制与阻尼控制在有功环节上的有机结合。为进一步增强风电机组的阻尼能力,提出无功阻尼控制与虚拟惯性控制相结合的综合控制方案,从而完善风电场对系统的支持能力。最后,通过对含变速风电机组区域电网的仿真分析,验证在所提控制方案下风电机组不仅能够快速对电网提供频率支持,并且具备阻尼系统功率振荡的能力。     

感应电机电源切换中残压和电压差的研究及最优切换策略

为了在不同备用电源下均能够尽可能地抑制感应电机电源切换中的冲击问题,有必要寻求最优电源切换方式,并在考虑开关动作时间下确定最有利切换时刻,为此,需要对断电后定子残压及其与不同备用电源间的电压差和相角差进行更加准确的定量研究。本文首先根据感应电机断电后的定子电流实测波形,发现电机断电后依次进入两个阶段——定子两相不对称瞬态和转子自由运动阶段,这种考虑必然提高定子残压的准确定量计算;然后,基于感应电机对称、不对称空间矢量模型,对断电过程两个阶段分别进行深入的解析推导,求得定子残压解析表达式;最后,重点研究定子残压及其与不同备用电源间的电压差和相角差特性,据此确定最优电源切换策略和最有利切换时刻,并通过感应电机电源切换实测结果验证了所得结论的正确性和可行性。     

一种耦合电感双输入升降压变换器

针对温差发电模块输出电压宽范围变化并要求电流纹波小的特点,提出一种耦合电感双输入升降压变换器。其前端为两个Boost单元并联实现双输入,再级联Buck单元实现升降压;Boost与Buck电感反向耦合,减少了磁心数目,并且磁心直流磁通相互抵消,减小了磁心体积和损耗,大大提高了变换效率和功率密度;提出了相应的控制和调制策略以实现分布式MPPT及宽输入电压范围各种工作模态间的平滑切换。详细分析了变换器工作原理和耦合电感特性,搭建了一台450W实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性和可实现性。     

基于新型四象限开关单元的并联型有源滤波器

提出了一族基于新型四象限开关单元的并联型有源电力滤波器(Parallel Active Power Filter,PAPF)拓扑。它实质上由降压型最小功率单元通过有机方式组合而成,解决了传统有源滤波器拓扑的桥臂直通隐患,且具有可高频、高效率运行的优点。本文以一种半桥型交错降压有源滤波器(IB-APF)为例,详细分析研究了其工作原理,给出了其控制策略,仿真和实验结果验证了这种新型有源滤波器的可行性。该族有源滤波器特别适合于高可靠性的场合,同时具备优良的补偿性能。     

零电压导通、零电压关断单管无线电能传输电源

基于一款新型单管互感耦合式无线电能传输电源,其开关管可同时实现零电压导通和零电压关断。本文介绍了该电源的系统结构,论述了电能传输的工作过程及软开关的控制方式和方法。采用互感模型法对主电路进行了建模,给出了其等效电路,推导了主电路的电压增益,并绘制了电压增益随谐振网络参数变化的曲线。给出了一二次谐振频率的设定方法及二次输出电压的控制方法。对所研究的新型无线电能传输电源进行了软开关实现、功率传输、效率及功率因数等仿真,并制作了一台额定功率为1kW的样机,记录了功率传输过程中软开关及其控制波形,做了效率和功率因数随一次、二次线圈位置变化等实验。仿真及实验表明了所提出的电路拓扑及其控制方法的可行性和正确性。     

应用于农村配电网的测量点与补偿点分离式无功补偿设备及其优化配置

配电网户外柱上无功补偿设备是配电线路重要的无功补偿手段,然而现在大多柱上无功补偿设备只能补偿安装点远端无功功率。无功优化规划的计算从原理上更认同配电线路中投入的电容器可以同时补偿其安装点前后的无功功率。针对上述问题,提出将无功补偿设备的补偿点和测量点分离,解决柱上无功补偿设备补偿范围受到局限的问题。为此提出补偿点与测量点分离的无功补偿设备的无功优化规划算法。采用灵敏度法确定补偿点位置,利用相同补偿功率下损耗最小的原则确定测量点位置。基于遗传算法求解系统的最优无功规划。通过算例的计算,验证此种无功优化规划算法可以有效地提高设备的利用率,改善无功补偿效果,获得更大的经济效益。     

Comparison of the Astigmatic Power of Toric Intraocular Lenses Using Three Toric Calculators

Purpose

To compare the astigmatic power of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) obtained from the AcrySof, TECNIS, and iTrace toric calculator in patients with preoperative with-the-rule (WTR) or against-the-rule (ATR) corneal astigmatism.

Materials and Methods

Fifty eyes with cataract and corneal astigmatism greater than 0.75 diopters were enrolled in each group (WTR and ATR). Keratometric values were measured using autokeratometry, an IOLMaster, and an iTrace, which incorporated corneal topography and ray-tracing aberrometry. Based on measured keratometric values, the astigmatic power of each toric IOL was calculated using three toric calculators.

Results

Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between six pairwise corneal astigmatism values in both groups. The TECNIS calculator tended to suggest a higher astigmatic power of the toric IOL than the AcrySof calculator. With the higher astigmatism and keratometric values from the IOLMaster, in both groups, calculations from the AcrySof and TECNIS calculators resulted in higher calculated astigmatic powers than those from same calculators with autokeratometry-measured values, demonstrating good agreement. With the higher calculated astigmatic power values, the values from the iTrace toric calculator using keratometric values obtained from iTrace ray tracing wavefront aberrometry or iTrace simulated keratometry showed fair to moderate agreement with those from the other calculator-keratometry pairs in both groups.

Conclusion

To achieve the best refractive outcome after toric IOL implantation, understanding the differences in keratometric values between instruments and in calculated astigmatic power among toric calculator programs is necessary. Moreover, systemic analysis of each toric calculator in conjunction with postoperative data is required.     

The relationship between serum cortisol,adrenaline, blood glucose and lipid profile of undergraduate students under examination stress

BackgroundStress is an extremely adaptive phenomenon in human beings and cortisol is a known stress hormone. Examination has been described as a naturalistic stressor capable of affecting human health.ObjectivesTo estimate the relationship between serum cortisol, adrenaline, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile during examination stress.MethodsTwo hundred and eight (208) apparently-healthy undergraduate students (aged, 24 ± 6 years) were involved in the study. Exactly 5 mls of venous blood was collected from each subject 1–3 hours before a major examination. A second assessment was done on the same students 3–4 weeks before any examination (control samples). Cortisol and adrenaline were assayed using ELISA techniques, FBG was assayed using enzymatic method while lipid parameters were assayed using standard enzymatic-spectrophotometric methods.ResultsThere was statistically significant increase in serum cortisol, adrenaline, Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in students under examination stress compared to the non examination period (p=0.001, 0.013, 0.0001, 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). FBG showed no significant increase. There was also significant positive correlation (r=0.297, p=0.032) between serum cortisol and TC/HDL ratio (cardiac risk factor) before examination stress but not during the stress period.ConclusionsSignificant positive correlation was observed between cortisol and TC/HDL ratio before examination stress.     

中医药学术认可的国际化重要性

由于中医学在基本观点和规定等方面与西医学截然不同,因此西医学认为中医学不能提供各种参数或变量,从而怀疑中医的疗效及其诊治方法。然而经过多年的实践,中医学不仅获得的应有的重视,而且由于其在医学和科学领域的发展,通过各种科学证据证实了中医学是有别于西医学的安全有效的治疗方法。将阐述中医药学术认可的国际化重要性,中医学将不再只是西医学的附属品,中医学和西医学相结合的现代结合医学将成为主要的发展趋势,未来将有越来越多的人从事结合医学的研究与实践。